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BiologyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchFor other uses, see Biology (disambiguation).Biology deals with the study of the many varieties of living organisms (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetleBiology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1]Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines.Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:[2]Cells are the basic unit of lifeNew species and inherited traits are the product of evolutionGenes are the basic unit of heredityAn organism will regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant conditionLiving organisms consume and transform energy.Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate with their environment.[3]Contents1 History2 Foundations of modern biology2.1 Cell theory2.2 Evolution2.3 Genetics2.4 Homeostasis2.5 Energy3 Research3.1 Structural3.2 Physiological3.3 Evolutionary3.4 Systematics3.5 Ecology4 Branches of biology5 See also6 Notes and References7 Further reading8 External linksHistoryMain article: History of biologyErnst Haeckel's Tree of Life (1879)The term biology in its modern sense appears to have been introduced independently by Karl Friedrich Burdach (1800), Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur, 1802), and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Hydrog
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